What temperature is considered safe for water in bathtubs by regulations?

The regulation that identifies 120° F as a safe temperature for water in bathtubs is based on the understanding of both comfort and safety in regards to scalding hazards. Water temperature above this level can pose significant risks, especially for vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly, who are at a higher risk of suffering from serious burns.

In residential plumbing systems, maintaining a maximum temperature of 120° F helps to mitigate the risk of scalding while still allowing for a comfortable bathing experience. As temperatures increase beyond this threshold, the likelihood of sustaining burns also increases; for example, water at 130° F can cause burns in just 30 seconds, whereas at 120° F, it takes much longer. Regulations are thus designed to allow for safe usage and help prevent water-related injuries within the home environment.