What is a potential consequence of not using an air gap in plumbing systems?

In plumbing systems, the absence of an air gap can lead to backflow contamination, which is a significant concern for public health and safety. An air gap serves as a physical barrier that prevents contaminated water from flowing back into the clean water supply. When an air gap is not utilized, there exists the risk that dirty water, which may contain harmful bacteria, chemicals, or other pollutants, could be siphoned back into potable water lines. This cross-contamination is particularly problematic in situations where there is a drop in water pressure, which can create negative pressure conditions that draw the contaminated water back into the system. Implementing an air gap is a crucial design feature in plumbing systems to ensure clear separation between potable and non-potable water sources, thus safeguarding the health of users and maintaining the integrity of the water supply.